National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners (NRCME) DOT Practice Exam

What is a common risk factor for developing macular degeneration?

1. High blood pressure

2. Diabetes

3. Smoking

4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

Macular degeneration, specifically age-related macular degeneration (AMD), has several risk factors, and smoking is one of the most significant. Research shows that smoking not only increases the risk of developing this degenerative eye condition but also exacerbates its progression. Additionally, chronic health conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes are also linked to an increased risk. High blood pressure can damage the delicate blood vessels in the eyes, and diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, which can contribute to the development of macular degeneration. Since all these factors—high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking—are independently associated with an increased risk of macular degeneration, the choice indicating that all are risk factors is comprehensive and reflects the broad spectrum of influences that can impact eye health.